Table 1 Spectrophotometric determination of some CCBs with utilized reagents
№ | Dihydropy-ridine CCBs and sample | Utilized reagents | Conditions | Linearity, µg/mL | Limitation | MOGAPI score | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | AML, dosage forms | p-Chlor-anilic acid | Intermediate molecular association complex measured at 540 nm | 100.0–600.0 | 1,4-dioxan Chloroform |
| [33]Rahman N., 2000 |
2 | AML, drug formulation | Ninhydrin | Colored complex measured at 595 nm | 10.0–60.0 | DMF, heating |
| [34]Rahman, N., 2001 |
3 | LAC, tablets | Ferric chloride, potassium ferricyanide | Bluish green colored chromogen measured at 740 nm | 0.0–10.0 | HCl |
| [35]Ravi-chandran Veerasamy, 2004 |
4 | AML, pharmaceutical formulation | Ferric-1,10-phenan-throline | Colored complex measured at 510 nm | 2.0–10.0 | sodium acetate–acetic acid buffer |
| [36]Rahman N., 2004 |
5 | NIF NIM AML, tablets | KMnO4 and cerium (IV) ammonium sulfate | Decrease the color of KMnO4 measured at 525 nm Fluorescence measured at 355 nm | 5.0–30.0 0.2–1.0 | H2SO4 Chloroform acidic KMnO4 |
| [37]Askal H. F., 2010 |
6 | pure and in pharmaceutical preparations | Chromo-tropic acid | Colored azo-dye measured at 520 nm | 0.0–35.0 | HCl NaOH Zn dust Sulfamic acid |
| [38]Revanasiddappa H. D., 2011 |
7 | NIM, pharmaceutical preparations | Resorcinol | Colored azo-dye measured at 480 nm | 1.0–40.0 | Sulfamic acid Acetone Zink dust HCl NaNO3 |
| [39]Revana-siddappa H. D., 2011 |
8 | LAC NIF, bulk and tablet dosage form | Para Dimethyl Amino Benz-aldehyde | Blue color Schiff’s base formation measured at 615.7 nm | 10.0–70.0 | Conc. HCl, heating |
| [40]Moorthi C., 2011 |
9 | NIM, tablets and injection | Phloro-glucinol | Yellow colored complex measured at 410 nm | 0.0–25.0 | Acetone HCl Sulfamic acid NaOH NaNO3 |
| [41]Deepakumari, 2013 |
10 | NIF NIM AML, dosage forms | N-bromosucci-nimide, indigo carmine | Bleach the color of the used dye | 1.25–13.0 | Chloroform Ethylether HClO4 |
| [42]Hamd M., 2013 |
11 | NIF NIM AML, tablets and capsules | Vanillin | Colored red chromogen, measured at 479 and 500 nm | 5.0–70.0 | HCl |
| [43]Hamd M., 2013 |
12 | NIM NIF, pharmaceutical preparations and spiked human plasma | p-anis-aldehyde | Colored product measured at 460 nm | 5.0–60.0 | HCl80 0C |
| [44]Marzouq M.A., 2015 |
13 | NIF, pharmaceutical formulations, serum and urine | 3-methyl-2-benzo-thiazolinone hydrazone, brucine | Green colored product measured at 685 nm (I) Violet colored product, measured at 546 nm (II) | 1.0–19.0 4.0–18.0 [45] Tula-samma P., 2016 | HCl Zinc powder FeCl3 NaIO4 |
| [45]Tula-samma P., 2016 |
14 | AML, tablets | 1,2-naphtha-quinone-4-sulphonic acid sodium salt | Orange colored product measured 459 nm | 10.0–20.0 | NaOH, heating |
| [46]Sulyma M., 2018 |
15 | AML, pharmaceutical formulation and human urine | Picric acid | Orange colored product measured at 420 nm | 100.0–140.0 | Dichloro-methane Acetonitrile |
| [47]Kawin Khachornsakkul, 2020 |
16 | NIM AML, bulk, pharmaceutical formulation and biological fluids | 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinon | Yellow-orange charge transfer complex measured at 464 nm | 1.0–40.0 | Borate buffer solution pH = 9 HCl Zinc powder NaOH |
| [48]Hanan H. Ahmed, 2023 |
17 | NIM, tablets and biological fluids | 4-amino-antipyrine | Yellow–brown product measured at 464 nm | 1.0–35.0 | KIO3 as oxidization reagent HCl Zinc powder NaOH |
| [49]Hanan H. Ahmed, 2023 |
18 | NIM, pharmaceutical formulation and biological fluids | γ-resorsolic acid | colored azo-dyes measured at 436 nm | 1.0–40.0 | alkaline medium, HNO2 |
| [50]Hanan H. Ahmed, 2023 |
